Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Hispanic Americans in the United States Essay Example for Free

Hispanic Americans in the United States Essay Abstract Over the past several decades, the United States has become a much more diverse country. Immigration from most if not all countries throughout the world are the reason for this. A large portion of the immigrants that make up our country are Hispanics. Hispanics aren’t just made up of one group of people, but rather several groups from different countries of the world including Cuba, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Central America, and South America. They differ in many ways from one another including but not limited to their method of entry into the United States, the color of their skin, traditions, culture, political background, musical trends, and lifestyle. In many ways, Hispanics are disadvantaged from non-Hispanic whites. This has been the way since they first came to the United States. If it wasn’t for the color of their skin and for some of them, their dialect or language, they may not be subject to the prejudice and discrimination they encounter on a daily basis. HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 3 Hispanic Americans in the United States A large portion of the population in the United States is made up of immigrants. Many of those immigrants are of Hispanic origin. Hispanic Americans make up several groups of people. Each of the different groups have a set of their own traditions and their cultures vary slightly and sometimes very significantly. Americans tend to group all Hispanics into one group and forget that not all of them came from one country, but rather several countries. Entering the United States Mexican Americans Throughout most of our history, Mexicans have entered the United States voluntarily. The American Southwest was previously part of Mexico until they lost it to the United States after the Mexican War (Marger, 2012). The Mexicans that inhabited those areas were then incorporated into the United States (Marger, 2012). Puerto Rican Americans Puerto Ricans didn’t come to the United States by force, nor voluntarily. The United States gained Puerto Rico as part of its territory after the Spanish-American War and those on the island were automatically given American citizenship (Marger, 2012). Puerto Ricans were then able to come and go freely as they chose, just as American citizens are able to go from state to state. Cuban Americans Cubans have recently come to the United States voluntarily similar to the Puerto Ricans and Mexicans. Their motive for migrating to the United States though was for political reasons rather than economic reasons like the Mexicans and Puerto Ricans (Marger, 2012). When the HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 4 Cubans came to the United States, they tended to be more educated and more prepared to begin an occupation than most other foreign immigrants (Marger, 2012). Central Americans Many of the Central American immigrants have come to the United States as political refugees (Marger, 2012). Most have come voluntarily like many of the Hispanic migrants have. Another large reason for Central Americans migrating to the United States was for economic opportunities (Marger, 2012). Hispanics and Music About Latin Music Latin music first developed in different Latin American countries, mainly Cuba and it is originally derived from African religious ceremonies (Revels-Bay). Latin music is a unique kind of music and it has a unique rhythmic structure when compared to American music (Revels-Bay). American music can be considered by most people to be Rock and Roll. Latin music is typically viewed as dance music. It has a lot of rhythm which is highly syncopated (Revels-Bay). Latin music, like American music includes many instruments. American music tends to be more on the beat than Latin music. Latin music also uses more percussion instruments than American music and it includes several different string instruments. Some of the string instruments include timbales, congas, congo, guitar and the Cuban guitar (Revels-Bay). Over the years, the bass, trumpets, trombones and woodwinds were added to play melodies and repetitions of sound and the piano replaced the guitar (Revels-Bay). Latin Music Gaining Popularity The motivations underlying the boom of Latino music have brought possibilities for economic gain and increase the visibility of Latin Americans within the United States (Cepeda). HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 5 Two Latin Americans who have brought Latin music to America are Emilio and Gloria Estefan. They have hits in the United States and also have Crescent Moon Studios. Crescent Moon Studios are a Mimi-based Sony affiliate that grosses 200 million dollars yearly (Cepeda). Their Crescent Moon Studios are also a reason for the popular building of the Latino music in the media industry in the United States. Gloria and Emilio Estefan are two very successful Hispanic Americans. There are several famous musical artists but because of their race, it is harder for them to be accepted into the musical industry. The number of Hispanic Americans who have been successful making music is relatively small when compared to the number of non-Hispanic musical artists. There have been several popular Latin musical artists who have brought new meaning to Latin music in the United States. Some examples are Ricky Martin, Jennifer Lopez and Shakira. They keep a lot of the Latin culture in the Latin-American music, but they â€Å"Americanize† it in a sense and the language used is English. This has helped to integrate one part of the Hispanic cultures into today’s American society. Hispanic American Families Family Structure Traditionally in the Hispanic culture, the father or the oldest male in the family holds the greatest amount of authority over the family and women typically show submission (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). The responsibilities tend to be shared among the members of the family. When compared to the non-Hispanic whites, many of the households are similar. Although, throughout the years, the father or oldest male is no longer always the authority holder in the home. Instead, the mother and father hold equal amounts of authority. HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 6 The household size of Hispanic American families is larger than other American families. The average size of a Hispanic household is 3. 47 people and for the rest of the population, the average is 2. 62 people (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Family Values Family is an important part in most Hispanic American’s lives. Family is a large reason for immigration for many of them. They may have family ties here who they wish to move closer to or they may be moving here to provide a better life for their family. The extended family of Hispanic Americans plays a major role in each family member’s life (Moitinho). They tend to have strong bonds and a lot of interaction among much of the family and extended family. In many households, parents, grandparents and children live in the same home or live nearby (Moitinho). Among most Hispanic families, faith and church are a lot times central to their family and community life. Most Hispanic homes have a religious object and most attend a religious service once a month or more (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Single Parent versus Two Parent Families. In the United States, 70% of Hispanic children live in two parent homes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Single parent families among Mexican Americans have grown from 14% in 1980 to 22% in 2001 (Zeiders, Roosa, Yuntein, 2011). Children who live in a single parent home tend to be at greater risk than children in two parent homes for academic and conduct problems, substance abuse and depression (Zeiders, Roosa Yuntein, 2011). This may be due to the fact that there is a lack of financial resources for some of the single parent families versus the two parent families who may have a double income. Although there are some studies HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 7 that show Latino children in single parent homes are more likely to have negative outcomes, there are also some studies that show they are not (Zeiders, Roosa Yuntein, 2011). Marriage Patterns In the United States, Mexican American females are most likely to be married and non-hispanic blacks are the least likely (Landale, Oropesa, Bradatan, 2006). Among some of the Hispanic races in the United States, 4% of Cuban females and 38% of Puerto Rican females aged 20-24 are married (Landale, Oropesa, Bradatan, 2006). Fitting In Over recent decades, Hispanic Americans have adapted to more of the â€Å"Americanized† way of living. Many of them dress alike, eat American food, go to college, etc. They have assimilated somewhat, but are far from being fully assimilated. They may never actually be fully assimilated into American society. One main reason is their race. It has typically been shown throughout history that races made up of white people are able to assimilate much easier than those with different skin colors. Conclusion Hispanics have come from several different countries and even look dissimilar from each other but are still each identified as Hispanics. Throughout the years, Hispanics have adapted to the American way of living and continue to do so. The only thing separating many Hispanics from non-ethnic whites is the color of their skin. As a whole, Hispanics have assimilated in many ways but they will probably never be fully assimilated. Instead, they may be working towards full acculturation. HISPANIC AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES 8 References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 14, 2013, from http://www. cdc. gov/ /Audience/AudienceInsight_CulturalInsights. pdf Cepeda, M. E. Mucholoco for ricky martin; or the politics of chronology, crossover, and language within the latino music boom. Popular music and society, 55-67. Retrieved November 7, 2013, from Ebscohost. Landale, N. S. , Oropesa, R. S. , Bradatan, C. (2006). Hispanic families in the United States: Family structure and process in an era of family change. In Hispanics and the future of America. Retrieved November 14, 2013 from http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/NBK19902/ Marger, M. N. (2012). Race and ethnic relations American and global perspectives (9th ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Moitinho, E. (n. d. ). Hispanic culture 101. In American association of christian counselors. Retrieved November 18, 2013, from http://www. aacc. net/2012/09/21/hispanic-culture-101-increase-your-hispaniclatinocultura l-iq/ Revels-Bey, N. (n. d. ). History of Latin music. In Revels-Bay Music. Retrieved November 18, 2013, from http://www. revels-bey. com/history_of_latin_music. htm Zeiders, K. H. , Roosa, M. W. , Yuntein, J. (2011). Family structure and family processes in mexican-american families. Family process, 70-91. Retrieved November 7, 2013, from Ebscohost.

Tuesday, January 21, 2020

The History and Rules of Tennis :: Tennis Sports Athletics Essays

The History and Rules of Tennis March, 1913 An international conference is held between 12 nations in Paris, and, from this, the International Lawn Tennis Federation (as it is first known) evolves. March, 1923 The Annual General Meeting in Paris draws up the official ILTF Rules of Tennis which are implemented from 1 January, 1924. The United States joins the ILTF, making the organisation truly international. March, 1923 The Annual General Meeting in Paris draws up the official ILTF Rules of Tennis which are implemented from 1 January, 1924. The United States joins the ILTF, making the organisation truly international. 1977 The ILTF drops the word 'lawn' to take on its present name, the International Tennis Federation. 1988 After diligent work by ITF President, Philippe Chatrier, and General Secretary, David Gray, tennis becomes a full medal sport at the Olympic Games in Seoul. 1996 The ITF grows to incorporate 196 National Tennis Association Members including 126 Full Members and 70 Associate Members - a far cry from the original number of 12 founding nations. The Rules of Tennis [These rules to conform to the USTA's 1995 Rules of Tennis.] Index Explanatory Note The Singles Game Rule 1 - The Court Rule 2 - Permanent Fixtures Rule 3 - The Ball Rule 4 - The Racket Rule 5 - Server and Receiver Rule 6 - Choice of Ends and Service Rule 7 - The Service Rule 8 - Foot Fault Rule 9 - Delivery of Service Rule 10 - Service Fault Rule 11 - Second Service Rule 12 - When to Serve Rule 13 - The Let Rule 14 - The "Let" in Service Rule 15 - Order of Service Rule 16 - When Players Change Ends Rule 17 - The Ball in Play Rule 18 - Server Wins Point Rule 19 - Receiver Wins Point Rule 20 - Player Loses Point Rule 21 - Player Hinders Opponent Rule 22 - Ball Falls on Line Rule 23 - Ball Touches Permanent Fixtures Rule 24 - A Good Return Rule 25 - Hindrance of a Player Rule 26 - Score in a Game Rule 27 - Score in a Set Rule 28 - Maximum Number of Sets Rule 29 - Role of Court Officials Rule 30 - Continuous Play and Rest Periods Rule 31 - Coaching Rule 32 - Changing Balls The Doubles Game Rule 33 Rule 34 - The Doubles Court Rule 35 - Order of Service in Doubles Rule 36 - Order of Receiving in Doubles Rule 37 - Service Out of Turn in Doubles Rule 38 - Error in Order of Receiving in Doubles Rule 39 - Service Fault in Doubles Rule 40 - Playing the Ball in Doubles Appendix I - Regulations for Making Tests Specified in Rule 3

Monday, January 13, 2020

Orwell’s use of symbolism in “1984” Essay

In 1984, Orwell makes excellent use of symbolism to further enhance the novel’s themes. Orwell wrote 1984 as a political message to warn future generations about the dangers of totalitarian societies. He urgently relays this message through various themes, and in turn utilizes powerful symbols to give these themes further significance. Psychological and physical control is a theme that Orwell religiously includes throughout the novel. Symbols such as doublethink and the telescreens provide a direct connection to this theme. Another theme apparent in 1984 is that of intellectual rebellion and the desire to diverge against a higher authority. Orwell, through Winston’s journal and glass paperweight, manages to use these symbols to assist in the portrayal this theme. One of the party’s main goals is to control its people’s thoughts. By deliberately weakening one’s recollection of the past and flooding their minds with propaganda, the Party is able to replace individuals’ memories with its own version of the truth. Winston, however, struggles to try and remember his history. He is persistent in trying to make sense of what has happened to the world. In turn, he buys a glass paperweight in an antique store, which symbolizes his attempt to connect with the past. â€Å"And when memory failed and written records were falsified?when that happened, the claim of the Party to have improved the conditions of human life had got to be accepted, because there did not exist, and never again could exist, any standard against which it could be tested.† This is when Winston, after conversing with an old man, realizes that the Party has deliberately set out to weaken people’s memories in order to control their fabricated v ersion of the present. When The Thought Police arrests Winston for his attempts to recall the past, the glass paperweight shatters. It is as if all his ideologies and hopes to make sense of the world have too shattered. Since the party maintains such control over its citizens, an individual caught thinking against what the party deems as acceptable, can be arrested and punished. Similar to the paperweight, the dust also represents Winston’s attempt to connect with the past and intellectually rebel against Big Brother. Winston and Julia met in a dusty room in the Prole district of Oceania. The Proles represent what life was like before the revolution, and before The Party came into power because they live uncontrolled lives. Yet,  they too symbolize hope. Winston hopes that the Proles will one day rise up against Big Brother and restore freedom to all citizens. The paperweight, the dust and the Proles each represent Winston’s knowledge that there exists a higher meaning other than Big Brothe r. Consequently, throughout the novel he reveals this to readers. An example of this is when he subconsciously writes â€Å"DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER† five times in his journal. Furthermore, the journal in which Winston dutifully writes his innermost feelings in, represents the forbidden but also ties into the theme of control. Big Brother has such restrain over his citizens, that a mere expression of free thought, or attempts to recall past events, are considered to be serious thought crimes. In writing in his journal, Winston essentially rebels against Big Brother. He knows that it is a severe crime in The Party’s eyes, but does so anyhow. In his journal, Winston writes things that allow readers to believe that he recognizes the dangers of the society he lives in. The party’s goals of complete psychological and physical control over people are too much for Winston to handle therefore he expresses these beliefs on paper. He writes, â€Å"Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four.† Because doublethink has been introduced by Big Brother to essentially brainwash the public, the above statement is not considered true. The Party, through doublethink, tries to make citizens believe that two plus two equals five, which is clearly false. For this reason, Winston’s journal provides him with a temporary out, an escape from his corrupted world. In 1984, Orwell includes ministries that are responsible for various things. Their names however, contradict their functions. The Ministry of Peace encourages war, the Ministry of Truth produces propaganda, and the Ministry of Love operates based on acts of torture and punishment. This concept, known as doublethink is The Party’s method of absolute control. Orwell uses doublethink to portray the brainwashing techniques totalitarian governments exercise. Doublethink has lead citizens to believe that two plus two equals five. As the Party’s psychological control techniques break down an individual’s ability to think freely, it becomes possible for that individual to believe anything they are told, and this is the ultimate form  of psychological control. Just as doublethink symbolizes psychological control in 1984, the telescreens represent the aspect of physical control The Party has over its citizens. The telescreens provide a faceless surveillance window into each person’s life. These devices are totally perfected in that they can detect almost anything, even the beating of one’s heart. â€Å"You could not control the breathing of your heart, and the telescreens was quite delicate enough to pick it up† Because the telescreens can never be turned off, residents of Oceania are constantly monitored. They symbolize the bodily power the party has over its people. Their omnipresence gives individuals no freedom whatsoever and Orwell uses them to warn his readers about the lengths a tyrannical government will go to, to gain total physical control over its people. Through the use of symbolism, Orwell assists in relaying his political message to readers. The Party floods residents of Oceania with psychological motivation designed to overwhelm the mind’s capacity for independent thought. It also uses advanced methods of technology to control one’s every move. Yet Winston, who although is more or less controlled by Big Brother, manages to somewhat diverge. Moreover, Orwell portrays the themes of intellectual rebellion and ultimate control through the use of many unique symbols. The paperweight, the Proles and the dust all show Winston’s desire to connect with the past, something completely forbidden by The Party. Along the same lines, Winston’s journal also acts as a symbol to illustrate his desire to rebel. Whereas doublethink symbolizes the psychological control Big Brother had on his people, the telescreens symbolize the physical control he had over his subjects. Orwell’s main goal in writing 1984 was to warn future generations about the dangers of totalitarian governments. He effectively does so by incorporating themes, which correspondingly embrace symbolism. All of these symbols give 1984’s themes intensity and deeper insight into the novel.

Sunday, January 5, 2020

Dantes Inferno Dantes Journey Toward Enlightenment Essay

Dantes Inferno: Dantes Journey Toward Enlightenment While reading Dante’s Inferno I couldn’t help but draw parallels between the journey of the protagonist and the belief system of the Buddhist religion. Dante believed we must understand sin before we can reject it, and Buddha believed that before we can reject sin, we must suffer also. Examining these two tenets side by side makes the similarities undeniably apparent; they both seem to be purporting the message that there cannot be pain without pleasure, truth without dishonesty or enlightenment with suffering. Dante’s version of hell is based on that of Medieval Catholicism, which professes to be quite divergent from the Buddhist faith. Yet the similarities are actually quite†¦show more content†¦Both view the spirit guide as a counselor and a guardian that is far wiser than any mortal being. Both attach the figure of the spirit guide to divine characteristics, and both use the figure pervasively throughout their narratives. However it is important to note that there are also some discrepancies between Dante’s Christian spirit guides and those revered in Buddhism. Buddhists believe that every human being is a spiritual being as well as a physical being, and that by exploring the spiritual sphere of ourselves we can have a guiding hand in our own destiny. In The Dhammapada, one of the best loved of all Buddhist scriptures, Buddha proclaims in verses 116-119: Make haste in doing good; check your mind from evil; for the mind of him who is slow in doing meritorious actions delights in evil. Should a person commit evil, he should not do it again and again; he should not find pleasure therein: painful is the accumulation of evil. Should a person perform a meritorious action, he should do it again and again; he should find pleasure therein: blissful is the accumulation of merit. Even an evildoer sees good as long as evil ripens not; but when it bears fruits, then he sees the evil results. [1] On the contrary, Dante’s interpretations of medieval Catholicism purported that the hand weShow MoreRelatedThe Divine Comedy Illustrates Dante Pilgrim’S Heroic Journey1230 Words   |  5 Pages The Divine Comedy illustrates Dante Pilgrim’s heroic journey that is commonly displayed in numerous other epic poems of his time. However, Dante cannot begin his journey through his starting place in Hell, which is where his beloved Virgil comes into the text. Inspired by Virgil’s writings, especially the Aeneid, Dante willingly accepts to follow Virgil on a journey into an unknown world. Dante as a character develops his personality as he nears Heaven, which makes him consider Virgil to be lessRead MoreEssay on The Allegory of the Cave and Dante1251 Words   |  6 Pagesthe poet Dante Alighieri, writer of The Inferno in the 1300s, because it asserts the need to establish oneself as a contributor to society. Indeed, Dante’s work contributes much to Renais sance Italy as his work is the first of its scope and size to be written in the vernacular. Due to its readability and availability, The Inferno is a nationalistic symbol. With this widespread availability also comes a certain social responsibility; even though Dante’s audience would have been familiar with theRead More Analysis of the Inferno of Dante Alighieris Divine Comedy Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of the Inferno of Dante Alighieris Divine Comedy The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri is considered by many as the first great poem in the Italian language and perhaps the greatest poem written in Medieval Europe. The poem is so famous that one of the minor characters, Capaneus the great blasphemer, has his name on a mesa on one of Jupiters moon Io (Blue, 1). Also, the poem is divided into three canticles, or sections, Inferno, Purgatorio, andRead More Perception Dante Alighieri’s in The Inferno Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesThe Inferno In The Inferno, Dante Alighieri, the poet, places a strong emphasis on perception; it is through sight that Dante the pilgrim can acknowledge and learn from his experience in hell. Sight plays an especially crucial role in the work because Dante, the pilgrim, is often captivated by an image of some kind. The sight of the sinners transfixes Dante; and the sinners are, in turn, captivated with Dante and Virgil. It would seem that everything Dante observes through his journey wouldRead More Dante’s Inferno - The Evolving Relationship between Dante the Pilgrim and Virgil the Guide2167 Words   |  9 PagesDante’s Inferno -   The Evolving Relationship between Dante the Pilgrim and Virgil the Guide       In Dante’s Inferno, the relationship between Dante the Pilgrim and Virgil the Guide is an ever-evolving one. By analyzing the transformation of this relationship as the two sojourn through the circles of hell, one is able to learn more about the mindset of Dante the Poet.   At the outset, Dante is clearly subservient to Virgil, whom he holds in high esteem for his literary genius.Read MoreSt. Augustine s Confessions And Dante s Inferno1746 Words   |  7 PagesIn St. Augustine’s Confessions and Dante’s Inferno, the central characters in their respective narratives are presented a message from which induces distinct reactions. More importantly, their reactions are reflections of their perspective concerning the Christian outlook towards life and passion. In Book VIII.xi (29) the reader finds St. Augustine in a state of despair and anguish because of his ongoing internal struggle between his mind and body. Afterwards, he undergoes a surreal experienceRead MoreLearning From The Journey : Dante And Odysseus Enlightenment Through Their Physical And Metaphysical Journeys1518 Words   |  7 Pages27 July 2014 Learning from the Journey: Dante and Odysseus’ Enlightenment Through Their Physical and Metaphysical Journeys Traveling from one place to another, physically moving, is beneficial in changing scenery and changing perspective however, physical travel is not the only travel that brings about a positive change in people. Metaphysical travel, also known as a mental or spiritual exploration, is just as powerful as a physical one. Dante, in his epic poem Inferno, and Odysseus, in the epic taleRead More Comparing the Struggle in Dante’s Inferno and Book VI of The Aeneid4312 Words   |  18 PagesInfernal Struggle in Dante’s Inferno and Book VI of The Aeneid Does hell have its own history? For Dante, the structural and thematic history of ‘hell’ in the Inferno begins with the Roman epic tradition and its champion poet, Virgil. By drawing heavily from the characteristics of hell in Book VI of The Aeneid, Dante carries the epic tradition into the medieval world and affirms his indebtedness to Virgil’s poetry. Moreover, Virgil becomes a central character in the Inferno as he guides DanteRead MoreBorn Into Families Without Great Wealth Or Notable Prestige1599 Words   |  7 Pagestheir generations and experienced transformations in their lives bringing about personal spiritual enlightenment. Affected by the state of the church, Christianity, and their moral indiscretions, both Dante and Augustine wrote responsively towards their personal beliefs and values shaped by distinctive circumstances. The compositions of Confessions and The Divine Comedy highlight the spiritual journeys of these two authors. In addition, these c ompositions provide an insight to their convictions becauseRead MorePunishment for the Sinners in The Inferno2138 Words   |  9 PagesDante begins The Inferno by embarking on a journey to Hell with his poet guide, Virgil. Along the voyage, the reader gets a taste of the gruesome imagery and depictions of the punishments for the different levels of sinner. Throughout this journey Dante encounters many sinners whom he knew or knew of in the real world, and in the beginning the sinners wanted their name to be spread in the world when Dante got out of Hell. But, as Dante explored further and further into the underworld, the sinners